Библиотека
EXTRUSION PRODUCTS IN SWINE-FEEDING PROGRAMS
Semenov S.A.-the candidate of agr-l. sciences, the head of feeding laboratory
A.V.Kvasnitskij swine-breeding Institute. UAAS, Poltava
The conjuncture of the Ukrainian agrarian market, the export structure of agricultural production (more than 60 % - grain, techn. cultures and forages), the corn failure of the last year and uncontrolled import of meat products have caused sudden livestock reduction and deterioration of swine-breeding forage reserve. The significant reduction of mixed fodders consumption in the whole brunch (on the basis of a conditional head more than on 70% for ten years) is observed. This recession is the main cause of decreasing in swine productivity and of making business in this sphere more complicated. Differences in forage supply and in structure of diets makes the output of swine-breeding production differ in 2 and more times. The main reasons of this problem are high prices and low productive effect of mixed fodders (therefore volumes of their purchases by all categories of farms have decreased on 50-65 % during the last 3-5 years).
The solution of this problem lies in searching the ways of mixed fodders (grain mixtures) deprecication together with the improvement of their quality.
In this connection popularization of the latest extrusion technologies by joint-stock company " CherkassyElevatorMash" is a serious argument for scientific - technological support of the modernization of domestic mixed fodders production, for optimization of fodder producing by swine-breeding farms on the high technological basis with the use of local priority resources (peas, a soya, sunflower, corn, barley, triticale, etc.), and also for development and introduction of new research-and-production sights on normalization and the use of fodders in modern feeding programs.
Using extrusive products in swine-breeding is of great importance for a number of other reasons:
а ) a strong tendency for application of new meat breeds, кроссов and hybrids when the productive potential demands the substantial improvement of feeding conditions;
б ) an objective reduction of high cost energy and protein resources of animal origin, fish flour, as well as corn and soya sprat ( промкомплексы ) from swine diets, with the use of peas, soya, sub-standard grain forage, neigh, triticale, bran, sunflower sprat, etc. instead of them (including "problem" resources);
в ) widening of manufacture of modern protein and vitaminous complexes, milk substitutes, etc. with the use of extrusion methods;
г ) production of "own" mixed fodders (grain mixtures) directly on farms or small enterprises.
Extrusion of Gramineae (the corn, barley, triticale, etc.) allows to increase sugar level in them up to 15 % and to decrease level of dextrins (products of starch hydrolysis) on 12-14 % which allows to use extruded articles of grain and peas at a level of 45-60 and 27-32 % accordingly in swine diets, including early отъема . It allows to halve the use of dairy forages and to reduce protein-energy sources of microbiological and animal origin (to 30-60%)
and to lower the cost price of swine cultivation on 30-40 %.
Application of not degreased soya extruded articles, oil cake and oils allows to solve the major swine-breeding problems:
1) to increase energy value of mixed fodders up to the level which is difficult to reach by traditional addition of углеводистых or protein forages not using the expensive forages of animal origin;
2) to improve flavouring qualities and external characteristics of all kinds of grain mixtures and mixed fodders, to remove their dispersibility on 90 % (to lower thus bronchopneumonia on 70%)
, to prevent exfoliation of raw material during storage and transportation;
3) to increase the general biological value of swine diets due to the phenomenon of synergism (due to the improvement in the absorbability of fat-soluble vitamins);
4) to improve considerably piglets viability and their growth energy on 12-25 %;
5) To increase reproductive functions of sows ( приход в охоту 8-15 % to lower прохолосты on 5-10 %, embrionic death rate to 12 %, to increase крупноплодность farrow on 5-10%)
;
6) during fattening period to increase daily average growth, to lower forage usage on 1kg of growth on 0,5-1,2 forage unit, to improve pork taste and tenderness and to raise essentially profitability not only in the enterprises with industrial technologies, but also in small farms
All stated above factors cause the necessity to re-estimate the economical, nutritious and energy value of grain and leguminous resources together with the place of extrusion technologies in the process of producing competitive forages, concentrates and additives. It is necessary for the introduction of modern feeding programs with the purpose of revival and intensive raising of pork domestic production.
A.V.Kvasnitskij swine-breeding Institute. UAAS, Poltava
The conjuncture of the Ukrainian agrarian market, the export structure of agricultural production (more than 60 % - grain, techn. cultures and forages), the corn failure of the last year and uncontrolled import of meat products have caused sudden livestock reduction and deterioration of swine-breeding forage reserve. The significant reduction of mixed fodders consumption in the whole brunch (on the basis of a conditional head more than on 70% for ten years) is observed. This recession is the main cause of decreasing in swine productivity and of making business in this sphere more complicated. Differences in forage supply and in structure of diets makes the output of swine-breeding production differ in 2 and more times. The main reasons of this problem are high prices and low productive effect of mixed fodders (therefore volumes of their purchases by all categories of farms have decreased on 50-65 % during the last 3-5 years).
The solution of this problem lies in searching the ways of mixed fodders (grain mixtures) deprecication together with the improvement of their quality.
In this connection popularization of the latest extrusion technologies by joint-stock company " CherkassyElevatorMash" is a serious argument for scientific - technological support of the modernization of domestic mixed fodders production, for optimization of fodder producing by swine-breeding farms on the high technological basis with the use of local priority resources (peas, a soya, sunflower, corn, barley, triticale, etc.), and also for development and introduction of new research-and-production sights on normalization and the use of fodders in modern feeding programs.
Using extrusive products in swine-breeding is of great importance for a number of other reasons:
а ) a strong tendency for application of new meat breeds, кроссов and hybrids when the productive potential demands the substantial improvement of feeding conditions;
б ) an objective reduction of high cost energy and protein resources of animal origin, fish flour, as well as corn and soya sprat ( промкомплексы ) from swine diets, with the use of peas, soya, sub-standard grain forage, neigh, triticale, bran, sunflower sprat, etc. instead of them (including "problem" resources);
в ) widening of manufacture of modern protein and vitaminous complexes, milk substitutes, etc. with the use of extrusion methods;
г ) production of "own" mixed fodders (grain mixtures) directly on farms or small enterprises.
Extrusion of Gramineae (the corn, barley, triticale, etc.) allows to increase sugar level in them up to 15 % and to decrease level of dextrins (products of starch hydrolysis) on 12-14 % which allows to use extruded articles of grain and peas at a level of 45-60 and 27-32 % accordingly in swine diets, including early отъема . It allows to halve the use of dairy forages and to reduce protein-energy sources of microbiological and animal origin (to 30-60%)
and to lower the cost price of swine cultivation on 30-40 %.
Application of not degreased soya extruded articles, oil cake and oils allows to solve the major swine-breeding problems:
1) to increase energy value of mixed fodders up to the level which is difficult to reach by traditional addition of углеводистых or protein forages not using the expensive forages of animal origin;
2) to improve flavouring qualities and external characteristics of all kinds of grain mixtures and mixed fodders, to remove their dispersibility on 90 % (to lower thus bronchopneumonia on 70%)
, to prevent exfoliation of raw material during storage and transportation;
3) to increase the general biological value of swine diets due to the phenomenon of synergism (due to the improvement in the absorbability of fat-soluble vitamins);
4) to improve considerably piglets viability and their growth energy on 12-25 %;
5) To increase reproductive functions of sows ( приход в охоту 8-15 % to lower прохолосты on 5-10 %, embrionic death rate to 12 %, to increase крупноплодность farrow on 5-10%)
;
6) during fattening period to increase daily average growth, to lower forage usage on 1kg of growth on 0,5-1,2 forage unit, to improve pork taste and tenderness and to raise essentially profitability not only in the enterprises with industrial technologies, but also in small farms
All stated above factors cause the necessity to re-estimate the economical, nutritious and energy value of grain and leguminous resources together with the place of extrusion technologies in the process of producing competitive forages, concentrates and additives. It is necessary for the introduction of modern feeding programs with the purpose of revival and intensive raising of pork domestic production.
